Machining (production) ; It is the process of giving the desired geometric shape by removing chips of different shapes and sizes from the piece, by referring to the projected technical drawing of a designed workpiece in accordance with the standards.
This shaping process should be done with suitable tools and benches. There are different types of this production method, which is made by the relative movement of the tools and (or) the workpiece used in machining, by removing chips from the material through the tension created.
Turning is the circular machining process from the rotating workpiece with cutting tools (pencil, cutting edge) with cutting edges in a certain geometrical shape, depending on the chuck. In general, rotational motion is applied to the workpiece. Turning operations are performed on conventional lathes or in mass production, CNC lathes.
Turning operations are applied to cylindrical or cylindrical diameter parts. It can be used in turning operations, internal and external turning, face turning, profile turning, grooving, screw pulling, taper turning, part cutting, curved and angular chamfering, boring, etc. transactions are made.
Milling is the machining of flat or curved surfaces, grooves, helical grooves, gears and screw threads, machining pockets and steps, drilling and enlarging operations with single or multi-edged cutting tools with a certain geometric structure.
In the milling process, the cutting tool can be movable or both can be movable depending on the workpiece process status. The milling process is done in classical milling machines or finely and precisely in CNC milling machines.
General milling operations are classified as plane face milling, profile milling, slot milling, form milling, hobbing milling. In the milling process, hard HSS one-piece cutting tools are used, as well as coated inserts in recent years.
Milling machines have more machining and cutting power than lathes in terms of chip removal.
With the milling process, all kinds of grooving, chip removal from plane surfaces, gear cutting, pocket machining, hole enlargement, large pitch screw cutting, obtaining helical and angled surfaces, blind hole drilling, hole drilling, etc. many operations can be done extremely quickly and precisely.
The cutting drill, which rotates around its own axis, is the drilling of cylindrical holes or cylindrical holes of certain sizes (blind holes) with one side closed on the surface of the part with milling cutters. Drilling machines are used for drilling.
However, it is also possible to drill holes in CNC lathes or CNC milling machines by attaching a hole drilling apparatus to the machine.
Hole drilling can be done with drill bits as well as with cylindrical milling cutters.
CNC milling machines, drilling apparatus, milling cutters are used especially for drilling blind holes of certain depth, that is not through and through, and for drilling axial holes of certain precise dimensions.
Hole drilling is one of the most common basic manufacturing operations. High speed steel (HSS) drills are used in these processes. Recently, coated and plug-in drills have been used. Especially since these cutters have a very high metal removal potential, they are widely used in CNC lathes, CNC milling and CNC boring machines.
Grinding is the process of obtaining a very fine surface precision, providing dimensional accuracy, and obtaining a surface with lower roughness, with a small amount of chip removal from the surface of machine parts processed with cylindrical stones of various grain sizes.
Grinding is the grinding of the abrasive stones, which are formed by the particles combined with the binding materials, from the workpiece in very small amounts, in other words, the workpiece is abraded.
Grinding is generally done on grinding machines. However, it can also be done on CNC turning and milling machines by attaching additional apparatus. In order to save time in places that require additional processing, especially in CNC machining, and to eliminate a second machining, especially simple hole and outer surface grinding operations can be done easily.
Grinding tools with natural and artificial grains combined with chemicals in various grain sizes are used in the grinding process. Particularly, it is possible to remove a small amount of chips from the surface of the parts that are very hard to machine, with grinding.
The grinding process is classified as profile grinding, plunge grinding, cylindrical grinding, and plane surface grinding. Apart from these processes, other basic manufacturing processes are also applied to the machine parts. Other basic operations such as honing, lebbling, crocheting and polishing are also performed. These processes are mostly applied to parts to be processed sensitively and finely.
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